Cohesion-6K: An Arabic Dataset for Analyzing Social Cohesion and Conflict in Online Discourse

arXiv cs.CL Papers
arabic-nlp dataset social-cohesion online-discourse polarization facebook-posts

Summary

Introduces Cohesion-6K, a manually and ChatGPT-assisted annotated dataset of 6,000 Arabic Facebook posts about the Israeli Occupation of Palestine, spanning conflict to cohesion categories. Analysis shows conflict-oriented posts receive 2-4x more engagement than resolution-oriented ones.

arXiv:2605.22447v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The study of online discourse has become central to understanding societal polarization. While much research has focused on detecting overt toxicity, the subtle dynamics of social cohesion, meaning the interaction between divisive and unifying narratives, remain computationally underexplored (Bail, 2021; Gonzalez-Bailon and Lelkes, 2023). This paper presents Cohesion-6K, a manually and ChatGPT-assisted annotated dataset of six thousand Arabic public Facebook posts related to the Israeli Occupation of Palestine. Each post is assigned to one of five discourse categories that represent a continuum from conflict to cohesion: Conflict, Resolution, Community Engagement, Supportive Interactions, and Shared Values. The annotation process combines expert human judgment with model-assisted pre-labeling verified by trained annotators, achieving substantial inter-annotator agreement (Cohens kappa = 0.85). Quantitative analysis reveals a consistent engagement gap, where conflict-oriented posts receive between two and four times more user interaction than resolution-oriented ones (p < 0.01). This pattern illustrates how divisive discourse tends to attract disproportionate visibility in Arabic social media spaces. Cohesion-6K provides a transparent and reproducible resource for the study of online cohesion and polarization. The dataset, annotation guidelines, and preprocessing code will be released for research use under an open license, supporting future work in computational social science, digital communication, and Arabic natural language processing.
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# Cohesion-6K: An Arabic Dataset for Analyzing Social Cohesion and Conflict in Online Discourse
Source: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22447](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22447)
[View PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.22447)

> Abstract:The study of online discourse has become central to understanding societal polarization\. While much research has focused on detecting overt toxicity, the subtle dynamics of social cohesion, meaning the interaction between divisive and unifying narratives, remain computationally underexplored \(Bail, 2021; Gonzalez\-Bailon and Lelkes, 2023\)\. This paper presents Cohesion\-6K, a manually and ChatGPT\-assisted annotated dataset of six thousand Arabic public Facebook posts related to the Israeli Occupation of Palestine\. Each post is assigned to one of five discourse categories that represent a continuum from conflict to cohesion: Conflict, Resolution, Community Engagement, Supportive Interactions, and Shared Values\. The annotation process combines expert human judgment with model\-assisted pre\-labeling verified by trained annotators, achieving substantial inter\-annotator agreement \(Cohens kappa = 0\.85\)\. Quantitative analysis reveals a consistent engagement gap, where conflict\-oriented posts receive between two and four times more user interaction than resolution\-oriented ones \(p < 0\.01\)\. This pattern illustrates how divisive discourse tends to attract disproportionate visibility in Arabic social media spaces\. Cohesion\-6K provides a transparent and reproducible resource for the study of online cohesion and polarization\. The dataset, annotation guidelines, and preprocessing code will be released for research use under an open license, supporting future work in computational social science, digital communication, and Arabic natural language processing\.

## Submission history

From: Wajdi Zaghouani \[[view email](https://arxiv.org/show-email/93952aa6/2605.22447)\] **\[v1\]**Thu, 21 May 2026 13:16:28 UTC \(576 KB\)

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