DRIFT: A Residual Flow Adapter for Decoding Continuous Outputs in Vision-Language Models

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Summary

DRIFT is a framework that adapts pretrained vision-language models for continuous output decoding by combining coarse prediction with iterative flow matching refinement, improving performance on perception and planning tasks.

Many modern vision-language models (VLMs) build on autoregressive decoding of discrete tokens. While text-based output interfaces enable scalable pretraining and strong zero-shot generalization across diverse tasks, they are poorly suited for problems that require precise continuous outputs, such as localizing temporal boundaries of events or generating robotic control actions. To address this challenge, we propose DRIFT, a general framework for adapting pretrained VLMs to continuous decoding tasks. DRIFT combines a base predictor, which provides a coarse estimate of the target output, with a generative refinement module based on flow matching that iteratively improves the prediction. This residual formulation transforms the generative modeling problem from learning a global output distribution to modeling a localized residual distribution around a strong prior, substantially simplifying optimization. We evaluate DRIFT on both perception and planning tasks, including visual grounding and robotic control. Across multiple tasks and architectures spanning MLLMs, VLAs, and WAMs, DRIFT consistently outperforms a strong set of regression- and generative-based solutions.
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Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2606.05758

Abstract

DRIFT is a framework that adapts pretrained vision-language models for continuous decoding tasks by combining coarse prediction with iterative refinement through flow matching, improving performance across perception and planning tasks.

Many modernvision-language models(VLMs) build onautoregressive decodingofdiscrete tokens. While text-based output interfaces enable scalable pretraining and strong zero-shot generalization across diverse tasks, they are poorly suited for problems that require precisecontinuous outputs, such as localizing temporal boundaries of events or generatingrobotic controlactions. To address this challenge, we propose DRIFT, a general framework for adapting pretrained VLMs to continuous decoding tasks. DRIFT combines abase predictor, which provides a coarse estimate of the target output, with agenerative refinement modulebased onflow matchingthat iteratively improves the prediction. Thisresidual formulationtransforms the generative modeling problem from learning aglobal output distributionto modeling alocalized residual distributionaround a strong prior, substantially simplifying optimization. We evaluate DRIFT on both perception and planning tasks, includingvisual groundingandrobotic control. Across multiple tasks and architectures spanning MLLMs, VLAs, and WAMs, DRIFT consistently outperforms a strong set of regression- and generative-based solutions.

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