From Corpora to Co-Evolving Capabilities: Capability-Centric Data Design for Generalist Image Generation

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Summary

The paper introduces a capability-driven data infrastructure with curriculum scheduling to train generalist image generation models using heterogeneous supervision for diverse generative tasks.

Large-scale image generation has benefited from advances in data scale, quality, rebalancing, and recaptioning, yet conventional pipelines typically optimize task-specific datasets in isolation. A central challenge is not only how to curate each task-specific corpus, but also how to organize heterogeneous supervision according to the dependencies among generative capabilities. We present a capability-driven data infrastructure that couples capability-specific supervision construction with capability-aligned curriculum scheduling. Its three specialized yet interoperable data engines build complementary relational supervision for text-image grounding, inter-image transformation, and image-knowledge association, while caption experts align T2I and editing supervision across tasks and granularities. A multi-stage curriculum jointly evolves task composition, visual-concept distribution, data quality, and image resolution along the dependency order of capability acquisition, with capability-aware evaluation closing the loop through targeted retrieval, expert construction, and gap-aware resampling. At scale, the framework curates a 440M-image T2I corpus, 120M editing pairs, and over 27M image-entity pairs. With this infrastructure, we train multimodal diffusion models at two scales from scratch, with 3B and 6B sizes respectively. We conduct quantitative evaluation on CPI-Bench, along with qualitative evaluations across diverse text-to-image and editing scenarios. Experimental results present broad visual coverage, versatile rendering, and effective transfer across generative capabilities.
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Abstract

A capability-driven data infrastructure with curriculum scheduling and specialized data engines trains large multimodal diffusion models on curated heterogeneous supervision for diverse generative tasks.

Large-scale image generation has benefited from advances in data scale, quality, rebalancing, and recaptioning, yet conventional pipelines typically optimize task-specific datasets in isolation. A central challenge is not only how to curate each task-specific corpus, but also how to organize heterogeneous supervision according to the dependencies among generative capabilities. We present acapability-driven data infrastructurethat couples capability-specific supervision construction with capability-alignedcurriculum scheduling. Its three specialized yet interoperable data engines build complementaryrelational supervisionfortext-image grounding,inter-image transformation, andimage-knowledge association, whilecaption expertsalignT2Iand editing supervision across tasks and granularities. Amulti-stage curriculumjointly evolves task composition, visual-concept distribution, data quality, and image resolution along the dependency order of capability acquisition, withcapability-aware evaluationclosing the loop through targeted retrieval, expert construction, and gap-aware resampling. At scale, the framework curates a 440M-imageT2Icorpus, 120M editing pairs, and over 27M image-entity pairs. With this infrastructure, we trainmultimodal diffusion modelsat two scales from scratch, with 3B and 6B sizes respectively. We conduct quantitative evaluation onCPI-Bench, along with qualitative evaluations across diverse text-to-image and editing scenarios. Experimental results present broad visual coverage, versatile rendering, and effective transfer across generative capabilities.

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