Paper page - UI-Venus-2 Technical Report

Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2609.00028 Published on Aug 27

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Abstract

UI-Venus-2 is a general-purpose multimodal GUI agent that uses unified reasoning-action loops, expanded environment coverage, and robust verification to enable reliable real-world digital automation.

Multimodal GUI agentshave emerged as a promising paradigm for digital task automation, yet transitioning from benchmark-oriented models to dependable real-world applications remains challenging due to limited environment coverage, brittle task construction, and unreliable reward verification. In this work, we present UI-Venus-2, a general-purpose foundation GUI agent designed to operate across mobile, web, and desktop environments through a unifiedclosed-loop reasoning-action framework. To bridge the gap toward practical deployment, we jointly scale three critical dimensions: (1) Environments, expanding coverage to more than 170 multilingual mobile apps and native desktop operating systems; (2) Tasks, employing a deep-research pipeline forfunction-grounded instruction generation; and (3) Verification, adopting trace-level andsample-level evaluatorswithvisual keypointsandmulti-model votingto ensure reliableRL signalsfor training. Furthermore, we integratesafety-aware mechanismsto ensure controlled execution of consequential actions. By offering a capable, efficient, and open-source foundation, UI-Venus-2 advances the field toward more generalizable, verifiable, and self-reflective agents for real-world applications.

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