MANCE: Manifold Aware Concept Erasure

Hugging Face Daily Papers Papers

Summary

MANCE proposes a manifold-aware method for erasing concepts like gender or safety from model activations while minimizing collateral damage to other concepts, achieving state-of-the-art across 119 settings.

Concept erasure aims to remove a target concept from a representation while preserving the other information encoded in it. This is difficult because representations encode many concepts that are often correlated with the erasure target, so removing the target risks damaging them. We propose the Manifold Constraint Hypothesis (MCH): if natural representations concentrate on a structured, lower-dimensional manifold, then interventions should be constrained to that manifold and better preserve other information encoded in the representation during interventions. We instantiate MCH in a new concept erasure method: MANifold aware Concept Erasure (MANCE). MANCE performs iterative updates to the representations using signals from a classifier that predicts a target concept. We estimate the manifold using representations obtained from natural inputs, and then we project the concept removal update to the estimated manifold. We perform extensive evaluation on 119 settings spanning text and vision, including 13 language models, three NLP concepts, and 40 CelebA-CLIP attributes. Employing MANCE on top of previous methods shows consistent improved leakage results. We also introduce MANCE+ and MANCE++, which prepend a closed-form erasure algorithm before employing MANCE, achieving better leakage--surgicality tradeoffs relative to matched full-space updates. MANCE++, our best method, achieves state-of-the-art results on nonlinear concept erasure. These results support MCH in the erasure setting: interventions should be constrained to the natural representation manifold.
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Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2607.03973 TL;DR. It’s the strongest method to remove concepts (e.g., gender, safety) from model’s activations, while staying surgical with respect to collateral damage to other controlled concepts.

It also builds on a nice geometric hypothesis: Hidden states produced by natural inputs do not fill the full representation space uniformly. We assume that they instead occupy a structured, lower-dimensional region shaped by the encoder and the data distribution, which we model as a manifold.

This leads us to propose the π˜”π˜’π˜―π˜ͺ𝘧𝘰𝘭π˜₯ 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘡𝘳𝘒π˜ͺ𝘯𝘡 𝘏𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘡𝘩𝘦𝘴π˜ͺ𝘴 (π˜”π˜Šπ˜), among interventions with a matched effect on the target concept, manifold-constrained interventions preserve other concepts encoded in the representation better than unconstrained interventions.

We operationalize this hypothesis with a local first-order approximation of the manifold, using tangent directions obtained from natural inputs.

Across 119 settings (multiple model families, modalities and target concepts), MANCE⁺⁺ sets a new state of the art on concept erasure, while also improves prior erasers across most settings.

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