Efficient Neural-Network-Based High-Resolution Radiative Transfer for CO___ Retrieval, and Application to Interferometric Sensing

arXiv cs.LG Papers

Summary

This study presents an efficient neural-network-based surrogate model for high-resolution radiative transfer simulations, aimed at improving CO2 concentration retrieval from satellite measurements for climate monitoring.

arXiv:2608.14645v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Studying climate change requires reducing uncertainties in CO2 and CH4 emission estimates to better distinguish anthropogenic from natural sources, which motivates spaceborne measurements with improved revisit frequency and spatial coverage. In this context, the Horizon Europe SCARBOn project assesses a low-cost satellite constellation featuring the NanoCarb imaging interferometer as its core sensor for monitoring CO2 and CH4 emissions in the atmosphere. However, estimating CO2 and CH4 concentrations with high revisit and spatial coverage poses significant challenges: full-physics retrieval algorithms commonly used rely on repeated high-resolution radiative transfer (RT) simulations, which are computationally expensive when using line-by-line RT models. As an alternative, we propose in this study a feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP) surrogate designed to accurately and efficiently predict top-of-atmosphere radiances in the CO2 weak band, using a combined mean absolute error (MAE) loss on radiances and RT Jacobians to preserve both spectral accuracy and sensitivity to geophysical parameters. Coupling the MLP-based RT surrogate with the NanoCarb instrumental response yields an efficient and precise forward model for NanoCarb measurements, which shows promising results for CO2 concentration retrieval.
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# Efficient Neural-Network-Based High-Resolution Radiative Transfer for CO___ Retrieval, and Application to Interferometric Sensing
Source: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.14645](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.14645)
[View PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.14645)

> Abstract:Studying climate change requires reducing uncertainties in CO2 and CH4 emission estimates to better distinguish anthropogenic from natural sources, which motivates spaceborne measurements with improved revisit frequency and spatial coverage\. In this context, the Horizon Europe SCARBOn project assesses a low\-cost satellite constellation featuring the NanoCarb imaging interferometer as its core sensor for monitoring CO2 and CH4 emissions in the atmosphere\. However, estimating CO2 and CH4 concentrations with high revisit and spatial coverage poses significant challenges: full\-physics retrieval algorithms commonly used rely on repeated high\-resolution radiative transfer \(RT\) simulations, which are computationally expensive when using line\-by\-line RT models\. As an alternative, we propose in this study a feedforward multilayer perceptron \(MLP\) surrogate designed to accurately and efficiently predict top\-of\-atmosphere radiances in the CO2 weak band, using a combined mean absolute error \(MAE\) loss on radiances and RT Jacobians to preserve both spectral accuracy and sensitivity to geophysical parameters\. Coupling the MLP\-based RT surrogate with the NanoCarb instrumental response yields an efficient and precise forward model for NanoCarb measurements, which shows promising results for CO2 concentration retrieval\.

## Submission history

From: Jordan Lontsi Tedongmo \[[view email](https://arxiv.org/show-email/5c796c01/2608.14645)\] \[via CCSD proxy\] **\[v1\]**Wed, 29 Jul 2026 09:28:45 UTC \(3,315 KB\)

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