伏尼契手稿的生成语法与拼凑假说：基于大型语言模型的证据

arXiv:2609.20835v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Background: The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century codex written in an unknown script whose content remains undeciphered. Previous studies suggest that its statistical properties resemble those of natural languages, while its illustrations - primarily plants - recall medieval herbals. Methods: We present a multidisciplinary analysis combining probabilistic modeling, phonetic decomposition, rare-event detection, and multimodal image analysis, based on a newly transliterated corpus. Word- and letter-level distributions are modeled using position-dependent probabilistic grammars, while phonetic patterns are compared across Indo-European, Semitic, and Asian languages. Image-text alignment methods based on large language models are applied to identify potential botanical correspondences. Results: The results indicate that Voynich symbols behave as letters rather than syllabic units, while word-length distributions resemble syllabic structures. Phonetic analyses show closer alignment with consonant-heavy languages such as Hebrew or Arabic than with Indo-European languages. Probabilistic modeling reproduces Zipf-like distributions and reveals extremely low probabilities for repeated initial-letter sequences, indicating a structured imitation of natural language. Image analysis suggests strong correspondences between Voynich plant illustrations and those found in Pseudo-Apuleius herbals from the Mediterranean tradition, consistent with an imitation of medieval medicinal books. Perspectives: These findings support the hypothesis that the Voynich Manuscript follows a structured generative system combining linguistic regularities and herbal knowledge, and demonstrate the value of integrating probabilistic and AI-assisted approaches in the analysis of historical manuscripts.

# A Generative Grammar Underlying the Voynich Manuscript, the Pastiche Hypothesis: Evidence from Large Language Models
Source: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20835](https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20835)
Bibliographic Tools

## Bibliographic and Citation Tools

Bibliographic Explorer Toggle

Code, Data, Media

## Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article

Demos

## Demos

Related Papers

## Recommenders and Search Tools

About arXivLabs

## arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website\.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy\. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them\.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community?[**Learn more about arXivLabs**](https://info.arxiv.org/labs/index.html)\.