Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination via Phase-wise Self-reward

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hallucination-mitigation vision-language-models self-reward inference-time

Summary

PSRD framework halves multimodal hallucination in LVLMs by using phase-wise self-reward decoding and a distilled lightweight reward model without extra supervision.

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) still struggle with vision hallucination, where generated responses are inconsistent with the visual input. Existing methods either rely on large-scale annotated data for fine-tuning, which incurs massive computational overhead, or employ static post-hoc strategies that overlook the dynamic nature of hallucination emergence. To address these, we introduce a new self-rewarding framework, enabling dynamic hallucination mitigation at inference time without external supervision. On the empirical side, we reveal that visual hallucination exhibits phase-wise dynamic patterns, peaking at the onset of each semantic phase. Drawing on these insights, we propose PSRD (Phase-wise \textbf{Self-Reward Decoding) for online hallucination correction guided by phase-wise self-reward signals. To reduce the cost of repeated self-evaluation during decoding, we distill the hallucination guidance signal from LVLMs into a lightweight reward model. The reward model subsequently provides on-the-fly guidance for targeted intervention during the decoding process, enabling precise hallucination suppression. The proposed PSRD significantly reduces the hallucination rate of LLaVA-1.5-7B by 50.0% and consistently outperforms existing post-hoc methods across five hallucination evaluation benchmarks for four LVLMs. Further analysis confirms that PSRD effectively mitigates hallucination propagation and achieves a highly controllable trade-off between strong performance and inference efficiency.
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Paper page - Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination via Phase-wise Self-reward

Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2604.17982

Abstract

A new self-rewarding framework called PSRD is introduced for dynamic hallucination mitigation in large vision-language models during inference, using phase-wise self-reward signals and a distilled lightweight reward model for efficient hallucination correction.

Large Vision-Language Models(LVLMs) still struggle withvision hallucination, where generated responses are inconsistent with the visual input. Existing methods either rely on large-scale annotated data for fine-tuning, which incurs massive computational overhead, or employ static post-hoc strategies that overlook the dynamic nature of hallucination emergence. To address these, we introduce a newself-rewarding framework, enabling dynamichallucination mitigationat inference time without external supervision. On the empirical side, we reveal that visual hallucination exhibits phase-wise dynamic patterns, peaking at the onset of each semantic phase. Drawing on these insights, we propose PSRD (Phase-wise \textbf{Self-Reward Decoding) for online hallucination correction guided by phase-wise self-reward signals. To reduce the cost of repeated self-evaluation during decoding, we distill thehallucination guidance signalfrom LVLMs into alightweight reward model. The reward model subsequently provides on-the-fly guidance for targeted intervention during the decoding process, enabling precise hallucination suppression. The proposed PSRD significantly reduces the hallucination rate of LLaVA-1.5-7B by 50.0% and consistently outperforms existing post-hoc methods across five hallucination evaluation benchmarks for four LVLMs. Further analysis confirms that PSRD effectively mitigateshallucination propagationand achieves a highly controllable trade-off between strong performance andinference efficiency.

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