How to Write to SSDs

# How to Write to SSDs
Source: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09927](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09927)
[View PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.09927)

> Abstract:This paper demonstrates that adopting out\-of\-place writes is essential for database systems to fully leverage SSD performance and extend SSD lifespan\. We propose a set of out\-of\-place optimizations that collectively reduce write amplification across both the DBMS and SSD layers\. We redesign the in\-place, B\-tree\-based LeanStore to write out\-of\-place and support these optimizations, and evaluate it on diverse OLTP benchmarks, dataset sizes, and SSDs\. The final design improves throughput by 1\.65\-2\.24x and reduces flash writes per operation by 6\.2\-9\.8x on YCSB\-A\. On TPC\-C with 15,000 warehouses, throughput improves by 2\.45x while flash writes decrease by 7\.2x\. Finally, we show that the architecture can seamlessly support novel SSD interfaces such as ZNS and FDP\.

## Submission history

From: Bohyun Lee \[[view email](https://arxiv.org/show-email/a5f365bf/2603.09927)\] **[\[v1\]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09927v1)**Tue, 10 Mar 2026 17:21:58 UTC \(1,759 KB\) **[\[v2\]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09927v2)**Thu, 12 Mar 2026 17:03:50 UTC \(1,960 KB\) **\[v3\]**Wed, 18 Mar 2026 14:47:04 UTC \(1,960 KB\)