Hadith computational science in the age of large language models: a critical narrative review
Summary
This paper critically reviews hadith computational science in the era of large language models, highlighting progress, gaps in methodology, and proposing a research agenda to enhance evidence infrastructure for Islamic scholarship.
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Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2608.20364
Abstract
Hadith computational science is evaluated as an evidence infrastructure challenge requiring integration of transformer and retrieval-based methods with expert validation and provenance.
We examine how hadith computational science is being reshaped bytransformer models,retrieval-grounded pipelines, andlarge language models(LLMs). Recent reviews document growth in the literature, but they do not yet provide a critical account of which advances are methodologically robust, which remain benchmark-bound, and which unresolved problems still limit scholarly use. We address this gap through a critical narrative review that combines critique of existing reviews, paper-level appraisal of representative original studies, and synthesis of Islamic scholar and domain-expert perspectives on authenticity, authority, and responsible use. We find uneven progress. Data resources have expanded, segmentation tasks have matured, narrator and source-verification problems are better formalized, and LLM-assisted workflows now support corpus-scale enrichment, multilingual access, and grounded evaluation. At the same time, progress remains constrained by narrow corpora, weak benchmark comparability,synthetic-to-real transfergaps, narrator identity resolution, preprocessing fragility, limited reproducibility, and sparse expert-grounded validation. We show that important gaps lie beyond dominant benchmarks: non-canonical and obscure corpora, commentary and explanatory literature, cross-source links with Qur’an and seerah, and fiqh-facing evidence support. We argue that hadith computation should be assessed less as isolated model performance than as an evidence infrastructure problem requiring knowledge integration, provenance, and expert supervision. On this basis, we define a research agenda for making the field methodologically stronger and more useful to Islamic scholarship.
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