Beyond Simply Environment Scaling: Designing Effective Environment Distributions for Multimodal Agent Learning

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Summary

The paper argues that simply scaling multimodal environments does not always improve agent training, and proposes Ability-aware Environment Selection (AES) and Hierarchical Difficulty Curriculum (HDC) to better structure environment distributions along diversity and difficulty dimensions.

Recent works train agents by constructing large-scale multimodal environment pools. However, we find that simply increasing the number of multimodal environments does not always benefit. We further analyze the limitations in current multimodal environment distributions through a series of experiments. Based on these findings, we study how to build more effective training environment distributions from two dimensions: **diversity** and **difficulty structure**. For diversity, we propose **Ability-aware Environment Selection (AES)** to obtain diverse environment sets. For difficulty structure, we propose **Hierarchical Difficulty Curriculum (HDC)**, which organizes curriculum learning through two difficulty levels: harness weakening and state-scale progression. Experiments show that AES and HDC effectively improve multimodal agent training.
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Paper page - Beyond Simply Environment Scaling: Designing Effective Environment Distributions for Multimodal Agent Learning

Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2608.03571

Abstract

Recentworkstrainagentsbyconstructinglarge-scalemultimodalenvironmentpools.However,wefindthatsimplyincreasingthenumberofmultimodalenvironmentsdoesnotalwaysbenefit.Wefurtheranalyzethelimitationsincurrentmultimodalenvironmentdistributionsthroughaseriesofexperiments.Basedonthesefindings,westudyhowtobuildmoreeffectivetrainingenvironmentdistributionsfromtwodimensions:**diversity**and**difficultystructure**.Fordiversity,wepropose**Ability-awareEnvironmentSelection(AES)**toobtaindiverseenvironmentsets.Fordifficultystructure,wepropose**HierarchicalDifficultyCurriculum(HDC)**,whichorganizescurriculumlearningthroughtwodifficultylevels:harnessweakeningandstate-scaleprogression.ExperimentsshowthatAESandHDCeffectivelyimprovemultimodalagenttraining.

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