Prior Availability in Industrial Visual Sim-to-Real: A Review of CAD-Guided and CAD-Unavailable Regimes
Summary
This review reframes industrial visual sim-to-real as a domain-gap problem organized by prior availability, distinguishing CAD-guided, CAD-unavailable, and boundary-prior settings to connect CAD-based detection and 6D pose-estimation literature with industrial anomaly and surface-inspection literature.
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Paper page - Prior Availability in Industrial Visual Sim-to-Real: A Review of CAD-Guided and CAD-Unavailable Regimes
Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2605.30581 Published on May 28
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Submitted byhttps://huggingface.co/pajamastao
chenxion Jun 3
Abstract
Industrial visual sim-to-real is reframed as a domain-gap problem categorized by prior availability, distinguishing CAD-available, CAD-unavailable, and boundary-prior settings for robust deployment across varied industrial conditions.
Industrial visualsim-to-realis often described as transferring from synthetic images to real images, but industrial deployment usually involves a broader mismatch between available evidence and required decisions. A system may be built from CAD renderings, simulatedRGB-D observations, normal reference images,synthetic defects,pretrained feature spaces, or language prompts, yet deployed under different sensors, lighting, materials, fixtures,calibration, production variation, and rare defect modes. This review reframes industrial visualsim-to-realas adomain-gapproblem organized by prior availability. We distinguish CAD-available settings, where explicit object geometry can support rendering,calibration, pose estimation, segmentation, and test-time geometric verification; CAD-unavailable settings, where geometry is replaced by normal-reference appearance,feature distributions, teacher-student residuals, synthetic anomaly assumptions, foundation features, orvision-language priors; and boundary-prior settings, where approximate models, templates, reference views, or semantic correspondences preserve only part of the CAD role. This framing connects CAD-based detection and6D pose-estimationliterature with industrial anomaly and surface-inspection literature that is usually reviewed separately. To make the taxonomy concrete, we use empirical anchors on T-LESS/BOP, MVTec AD, and VisA. The anchors show that CAD render count alone does not close transfer; source-distribution design,detector capacity, and small realcalibrationcan matter more. They also show that CAD at test time creates a distinct verification channel through mask, pose, and depth consistency, whereas CAD-unavailable inspection relies on calibratednormalityandfeature deviation. The review therefore argues against a single cross-task leaderboard and instead asks what prior grounds the deployment decision.
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