Hindsight Experience Replay

OpenAI Blog Papers

Summary

OpenAI presents Hindsight Experience Replay (HER), a technique enabling sample-efficient reinforcement learning from sparse binary rewards without complex reward engineering. It is demonstrated on robotic arm manipulation tasks including pushing, sliding, and pick-and-place, and validated on physical robots.

No content available
Original Article
View Cached Full Text

Cached at: 04/20/26, 02:55 PM

# Hindsight Experience Replay Source: [https://openai.com/index/hindsight-experience-replay/](https://openai.com/index/hindsight-experience-replay/) ## Abstract Dealing with sparse rewards is one of the biggest challenges in Reinforcement Learning \(RL\)\. We present a novel technique called Hindsight Experience Replay which allows sample\-efficient learning from rewards which are sparse and binary and therefore avoid the need for complicated reward engineering\. It can be combined with an arbitrary off\-policy RL algorithm and may be seen as a form of implicit curriculum\. We demonstrate our approach on the task of manipulating objects with a robotic arm\. In particular, we run experiments on three different tasks: pushing, sliding, and pick\-and\-place, in each case using only binary rewards indicating whether or not the task is completed\. Our ablation studies show that Hindsight Experience Replay is a crucial ingredient which makes training possible in these challenging environments\. We show that our policies trained on a physics simulation can be deployed on a physical robot and successfully complete the task\.

Similar Articles

Ingredients for robotics research

OpenAI Blog

OpenAI presents Hindsight Experience Replay (HER), a reinforcement learning technique that enables robots to learn from failed attempts by retroactively treating achieved alternative outcomes as successful goals, allowing learning even with sparse reward signals.

Generalizing from simulation

OpenAI Blog

OpenAI describes challenges with conventional RL on robotics tasks and introduces Hindsight Experience Replay (HER), a new RL algorithm that enables agents to learn from binary rewards by reframing failures as intended outcomes, combined with domain randomization for sim-to-real transfer.

Learning from human preferences

OpenAI Blog

OpenAI presents a method for training AI agents using human preference feedback, where an agent learns reward functions from human comparisons of behavior trajectories and uses reinforcement learning to optimize for the inferred goals. The approach demonstrates strong sample efficiency, requiring less than 1000 bits of human feedback to train an agent to perform a backflip.

Learning Montezuma’s Revenge from a single demonstration

OpenAI Blog

OpenAI demonstrates a method for training a reinforcement learning agent to play Montezuma's Revenge from a single human demonstration, addressing the challenge of sparse rewards through curriculum learning and careful hyperparameter tuning. The approach achieves strong performance on the notoriously difficult Atari game while showing generalization limitations on other titles.