The State-Prediction Separation Hypothesis

Hugging Face Daily Papers Papers

Summary

The paper proposes the state-prediction separation hypothesis, suggesting that separating state prediction from token prediction in Transformers improves language modeling performance and efficiency across scales, with experiments showing consistent gains.

Transformers use the same forward computation stream to both predict the next token and store useful state for future token predictions. We formulate the state-prediction separation hypothesis: disentangling the two roles yields better language modeling performance. We design a Transformer variant that uses two computation streams to separate the two functions, and conduct pretraining experiments across various scales. Our experiments show that state-prediction separation consistently offers better data and compute efficiencies, improving validation loss and outperforming standard Transformers by 2--3 percentage points on average on downstream tasks. We also conduct extensive empirical analysis that rules out potential confounders and demonstrates the fundamental difference in the gradients our design entails.
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Paper page - The State-Prediction Separation Hypothesis

Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2607.01218

Abstract

Separating state prediction from token prediction in Transformers improves language modeling performance and efficiency across different scales.

Transformersuse the sameforward computation streamto both predict the next token and store useful state for future token predictions. We formulate thestate-prediction separation hypothesis: disentangling the two roles yields better language modeling performance. We design a Transformer variant that uses twocomputation streamsto separate the two functions, and conductpretrainingexperiments across various scales. Our experiments show that state-prediction separation consistently offers better data and compute efficiencies, improvingvalidation lossand outperforming standardTransformersby 2--3 percentage points on average ondownstream tasks. We also conduct extensive empirical analysis that rules out potential confounders and demonstrates the fundamental difference in thegradientsour design entails.

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