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Two recent arXiv papers found that GPT-5.4 and Claude Opus 4.6 employ a metaprogramming strategy when handling unfamiliar programming languages — generating target code with Python and debugging locally — rather than writing the target language code directly. This strategy is key to distinguishing top-tier agents from average ones, and strategy sophistication matters more than model parameter scale.
This paper introduces S-Agent, which uses spatial tool-use to elicit reasoning for spatial intelligence.