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This review paper examines the capabilities of artificial intelligence in biological research and the associated biosecurity risks, advocating for defense-in-depth governance to mitigate threats while preserving beneficial uses.
OpenAI conducted a study with 100 participants to evaluate whether GPT-4 meaningfully increases access to dangerous biological threat creation information compared to internet-only baselines, as part of their Preparedness Framework for AI safety. The research introduces an early warning evaluation methodology to detect AI-enabled biorisk uplift and serves as a potential tripwire for flagging models that require further safety testing.