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This paper identifies a 'Diagnostic Paradox' in multi-module LLM agents: the module most causally responsible for failures (the routing module) is not the best place to intervene, and patching it can harm performance. The authors propose the 'Linguistic Contract' hypothesis and present empirical evidence across three agent families.
This paper investigates the internal mechanisms of LLM-as-a-judge, finding a shared Latent Evaluator sub-graph in mid-to-late MLPs across models that handles abstract judging, while format-specific terminal branches map the judgment to output tokens, revealing the cause of format-induced inconsistency.
This paper presents causal evidence that hallucination in autoregressive language models results from early trajectory commitment governed by asymmetric attractor dynamics, using same-prompt bifurcation and activation patching experiments on Qwen2.5-1.5B to show that hallucinated trajectories diverge at the first token and exhibit strong causal asymmetry across model layers.