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Researchers from Beihang University and Baidu propose 'constraint injection,' a dual verification method for LLM-based optimization modeling that detects spurious or omitted constraints beyond objective equivalence. They develop VRPCoder, an 8B model for translating natural-language vehicle routing problems into Gurobi scripts, achieving 93% average Pass@1 and outperforming Claude Sonnet and prior OR-LLMs by large margins.