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The paper introduces HypoArena, a benchmark for evaluating LLMs' ability to proactively construct hypothesis spaces from incomplete evidence, and experiments on 15 frontier LLMs reveal capability stratification.
MOOSE-Star presents a 7B model fine-tuned from DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B for scientific hypothesis discovery, along with a dataset of 108K NCBI papers. The model achieves state-of-the-art inspiration retrieval accuracy, outperforming larger models like GPT-5.4 and Gemini-3 Pro.