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Research indicates that rapid caldera collapse during the 2022 Hunga eruption enhanced the tsunami, suggesting small undersea volcanoes can generate outsized tsunamis.
This article examines how historical volcanic eruptions, such as the 1883 Krakatau eruption, have altered global climate and societies, laying the groundwork for modern volcanology.
SAGE-XGBoost is a machine learning framework that uses spatially augmented graph embeddings and data augmentation to enhance natural hazard susceptibility mapping under data scarcity, demonstrating superior performance over conventional models.