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Introduces Offloading Score, a measure of cognitive effort offloaded to AI, and finds that high reliance is not inherently harmful when users are engaged.
The paper introduces the offloading score, a metric that measures AI reliance by quantifying the fraction of cognitive effort offloaded to an AI tool using counterfactual workflows. It is validated through intrinsic evaluations and a user study with developers, showing it detects increased reliance under time pressure better than existing measures.