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This paper reports an activation study of Gemma 3 4B IT showing that the model's internal representations distinguish necessary falsehoods (impossibilities) from contingent falsehoods, with impossibility directions orthogonal to truth directions and overlapping with semantic anomaly directions.
This paper argues that Elan Barenholtz's autogenerative theory of language, developed from LLM behavior, enriches Roy Harris's integrationist linguistics by providing structural mechanisms for prospective openness and the continuity of linguistic and non-linguistic signs, offering explanatory content for computational approaches.
This philosophical paper argues that AI chatbot outputs are meaningful under standard theories of language, without requiring anthropomorphic assumptions about mental states or intentions.