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A freeCodeCamp handbook explains why quantum circuits behave differently on real hardware than in simulators due to quantum noise, and covers error mitigation and suppression techniques using Qiskit Aer and tools like Orbit.
The author conducts an independent spin audit of IBM's SQD/QSCI iron-sulfur cluster benchmarks, finding that the quantum results converge to high-spin states rather than the target singlet. Using IBM's own archived hardware data, they show the shipped mitigation fails to fix the spin problem, and a Claude-assisted review is provided.