refusal-directions

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Is Refusal Direction Universal across Low-Resourced Languages?

arXiv cs.CL ↗ · 2026-10-22 Cached

The paper extends PolyRefuse to three additional low-resourced languages (Belarusian, Bashkir, Tajik) on Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct, finding that refusal direction transfer is graded rather than universal: directions from safety-aligned languages transfer broadly, while those from strongly misaligned languages fail to reliably modulate refusal behavior.

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