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When Choices Become Risks: Safety Failures of Large Language Models under Multiple-Choice Constraints

arXiv cs.CL · 2026-04-21 Cached

Researchers identify a systematic safety failure in LLMs where reformulating harmful requests as forced-choice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) bypasses refusal behavior, even in models that reject equivalent open-ended prompts. Evaluated across 14 proprietary and open-source models, the study reveals current safety benchmarks substantially underestimate risks in structured decision-making settings.

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