RMA: an Agentic System for Research-Level Mathematical Problems

arXiv cs.AI Papers

Summary

Research Math Agents (RMA) is an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems, achieving state-of-the-art results on the First Proof benchmark by solving 8 out of 10 problems, outperforming strong baselines like GPT-5.2R and Aletheia.

arXiv:2605.22875v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present $\textbf{Research Math Agents (RMA)}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets research-level mathematical problems that require long-horizon reasoning, literature grounding, and iterative proof refinement. RMA decomposes research-level proof solving into specialized modules for problem analysis, literature search and understanding, fair comparison, knowledge-bank construction, and proof verification, all coordinated by initializer, proposer, and verifier agents through a shared structured memory. Within this unified framework, these agents operate in a multi-role, multi-round workflow, collaboratively generating, refining, and verifying candidate proofs through iterative feedback. We evaluate RMA on the First Proof benchmark, which consists of ten research-level problems contributed by expert mathematicians across diverse domains. Through comprehensive expert evaluation, RMA outperforms strong baselines on the First Proof benchmark, including GPT-5.2R and Aletheia, solving eight out of ten research problems and producing more logically sound and readable proofs. Our comprehensive ablation studies further show that performance gains arise from the interaction of structured reasoning modules, iterative refinement, and verifier-based feedback, rather than any single component. Our solutions and implementations will be made publicly available upon acceptance.
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# RMA: an Agentic System for Research-Level Mathematical Problems
Source: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22875](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22875)
[View PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.22875)

> Abstract:We present $\\textbf\{Research Math Agents \(RMA\)\}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research\-level mathematical problems\. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets research\-level mathematical problems that require long\-horizon reasoning, literature grounding, and iterative proof refinement\. RMA decomposes research\-level proof solving into specialized modules for problem analysis, literature search and understanding, fair comparison, knowledge\-bank construction, and proof verification, all coordinated by initializer, proposer, and verifier agents through a shared structured memory\. Within this unified framework, these agents operate in a multi\-role, multi\-round workflow, collaboratively generating, refining, and verifying candidate proofs through iterative feedback\. We evaluate RMA on the First Proof benchmark, which consists of ten research\-level problems contributed by expert mathematicians across diverse domains\. Through comprehensive expert evaluation, RMA outperforms strong baselines on the First Proof benchmark, including GPT\-5\.2R and Aletheia, solving eight out of ten research problems and producing more logically sound and readable proofs\. Our comprehensive ablation studies further show that performance gains arise from the interaction of structured reasoning modules, iterative refinement, and verifier\-based feedback, rather than any single component\. Our solutions and implementations will be made publicly available upon acceptance\.

## Submission history

From: Zelin Zhao \[[view email](https://arxiv.org/show-email/b0f3eb6c/2605.22875)\] **\[v1\]**Wed, 20 May 2026 04:54:22 UTC \(136 KB\)

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