Ars Astronomica – 稀有的希伯来语和拉丁语天文学文献的英文译本

# Ars Astronomica 来源：https://arsastronomica.com/ 一个学术出版品牌，致力于将历史上希伯来语和拉丁语的天文学、宇宙学及自然哲学著作首次译成英语。 这些文本跨越数个世纪，且绝大多数此前从未有英译本。其中一部——Gersonides 长达136章的数理天文学著作——从未付印，仅以手稿形式存世。这些作品相互引用、彼此应答，探讨相同的宇宙学问题，然而在此之前，无人能在同一种语言中并排阅读它们。 ## 文献汇编 日期作者著作来源描述译者版本 1665Athanasius Kircher*Mundus Subterraneus* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Athanasius_Kircher_Mundus_Subterraneus.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Athanasius_Kircher_Mundus_Subterraneus_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — athanasiikircher12kirc (https://archive.org/details/athanasiikircher12kirc)一部宏大的尝试，旨在解释脚下整个隐藏世界。2 约1613David Gans*Nechmad ve-Na’im* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/David_Gans_Nechmad_ve-Naim.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/David_Gans_Nechmad_ve-Naim_Footnotes.pdf)以色列国家图书馆 — Rosetta IE32709375，书架号 35 V 1770（目录号 NNL_ALEPH990011964030205171）。一部希伯来语天文学教材，向希伯来语读者呈现托勒密天体模型，将当时欧洲最前沿的科学与中世纪犹太宇宙学传统融为一体——作者曾亲自拜访丹麦天文学家第谷·布拉赫。2 1592（首次编著/印刷于布拉格，שנ”ב；此为后来重印版）David Gans*Tzemach David* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/David_Gans_Tzemach_David.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/David_Gans_Tzemach_David_Footnotes.pdf)以色列国家图书馆 — Rosetta IE90688593（记录标记为“Vol.1-3”）。一部大卫·甘斯所著的希伯来语历史编年史，分为两部分：第一部分追溯从创世到16世纪的犹太历史——圣经人物、圣贤和拉比；第二部分概述从尤利乌斯·凯撒到鲁道夫皇帝的世界历史和外邦历史。2 1665Giovanni Battista Riccioli*Astronomia Reformata* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Giovanni_Battista_Riccioli_Astronomia_Reformata.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Giovanni_Battista_Riccioli_Astronomia_Reformata_Footnotes.pdf)e-rara ETH-苏黎世图书馆 — title-info 141744 (https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/titleinfo/141744)一部望远镜揭示天象之时的成熟之作——巨著 *Almagestum Novum*（1651年）的续篇，基于与合作者Grimaldi在博洛尼亚多年的进一步观测，以新的测量数据和修正参数为核心。2 约1123（编著；此为后来手稿抄本）Jacob ben Samson（疑似）*Perush Sod ha-Ibbur* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Jacob_ben_Samson_attrib_Perush_Sod_ha-Ibbur.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Jacob_ben_Samson_attrib_Perush_Sod_ha-Ibbur_Footnotes.pdf)OPenn 宾夕法尼亚大学托管的大英图书馆手稿数字化版 — 大英图书馆 Add MS 11639，ff. 511r–545v (https://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0047/)一部早期阿什肯纳兹人对“历法秘密”（*sod ha-ibbur*）的评注——涉及希伯来历法的推算：月朔（molad）、季节点（tequfot）、十九年置闰周期，以及闰年和节期日期的规则。2 1629Joseph Solomon Delmedigo*Sefer Elim* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Joseph_Solomon_Delmedigo_Sefer_Elim.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Joseph_Solomon_Delmedigo_Sefer_Elim_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — seferelim00delmuoft (https://archive.org/details/seferelim00delmuoft)一部内容广泛的希伯来语科学汇编，以回复卡拉派学者Zerah ben Nathan提出的问题为框架。2 1640Longomontanus*Astronomia Danica* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Longomontanus_Astronomia_Danica.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Longomontanus_Astronomia_Danica_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — astronomiadanica00long (https://archive.org/details/astronomiadanica00long)一部全面的天文学教科书，也是第谷体系（Tychonic system）的权威技术阐述——地球静止，太阳绕其运行，行星绕太阳运行。2 1654Pierre Gassendi*Tychonis Brahei Vita* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Pierre_Gassendi_Tychonis_Brahei_Vita.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Pierre_Gassendi_Tychonis_Brahei_Vita_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — den-kbd-pil-130018157889-001 (https://archive.org/details/den-kbd-pil-130018157889-001)丹麦天文学家第谷·布拉赫（1546–1601）的生平：他在赫文岛上的传奇天文台、所建的宏伟仪器、重塑天文学的观测运动、大胆的宇宙模型，以及在布拉格动荡的晚年。2 约1136R. Avraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi*Cheshbon Mahalechot ha-Kochavim* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_bar_Hiyya_ha-Nasi_Cheshbon_Mahalechot_ha-Kochavim.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_bar_Hiyya_ha-Nasi_Cheshbon_Mahalechot_ha-Kochavim_Footnotes.pdf)HebrewBooks.org — ID 22072 (https://hebrewbooks.org/22072)一部中世纪希伯来语论著，论述数理天文学与犹太历法的推算。2 约1122R. Avraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi*Sefer HaIbbur* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_bar_Hiyya_ha-Nasi_Sefer_HaIbbur.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_bar_Hiyya_ha-Nasi_Sefer_HaIbbur_Footnotes.pdf)HebrewBooks.org — ID 21292 (https://hebrewbooks.org/21292)最早系统论述历法科学的希伯来语专著，创作于12世纪初的巴塞罗那。2 约1132R. Avraham bar Ḥiyya ha-Nasi*Sefer Tsurat ha-Arets* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_bar_Hiyya_ha-Nasi_Sefer_Tsurat_ha-Arets.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_bar_Hiyya_ha-Nasi_Sefer_Tsurat_ha-Arets_Footnotes.pdf)纽约公共图书馆数字馆藏多罗特犹太部 — 条目 ce668260-c766-0132-045a-58d385a7b928 (https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/ce668260-c766-0132-045a-58d385a7b928)一部中世纪宇宙学的奠基之作，阐述了希腊人及其阿拉伯继承者所理解的宇宙形态：球形地球位于嵌套的天球中心，太阳和月球的运行路径，以及有人居住世界的区域和地理。2 约1148R. Avraham ibn Ezra*Keli ha-Nechoshet* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_ibn_Ezra_Keli_ha-Nechoshet.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Avraham_ibn_Ezra_Keli_ha-Nechoshet_Footnotes.pdf)HebrewBooks.org — ID 20850 (https://hebrewbooks.org/20850)现存最早的希伯来语星盘论著，创作于12世纪中期。2 约1500R. Eliyahu Mizrahi*Kitsur ha-Melakhat ha-Mispar* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Eliyahu_Mizrahi_Kitsur_ha-Melakhat_ha-Mispar.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Eliyahu_Mizrahi_Kitsur_ha-Melakhat_ha-Mispar_Footnotes.pdf)纽约公共图书馆数字馆藏多罗特犹太部 — 条目 ce668260-c766-0132-045a-58d385a7b928 (https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/ce668260-c766-0132-045a-58d385a7b928)Kitsur ha-Melakhat ha-Mispar（“算术技艺纲要”）是一部希伯来语算术教科书，作者是拉比Eliyahu Mizrahi（约1455–1526），奥斯曼帝国首席拉比，也是他那个时代最杰出的犹太数学家之一。2 约1365R. Immanuel Bonfils*Shesh Kenafayim* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Immanuel_Bonfils_Shesh_Kenafayim.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Immanuel_Bonfils_Shesh_Kenafayim_Footnotes.pdf)宾夕法尼亚大学 — Kislak中心，LJS 204 Digital Scriptorium DS129 (https://search.digital-scriptorium.org/catalog/DS129)中世纪晚期流传最广的希伯来语天文学手册之一，约1365年创作于普罗旺斯。2 14世纪末（编著；此为后来手稿抄本）R. Isaac ibn al-Aḥdab*Keli Ḥemda* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Isaac_ibn_al-Ahdab_Keli_Hemda.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Isaac_ibn_al-Ahdab_Keli_Hemda_Footnotes.pdf)Gallica / 法国国家图书馆 — Hébreu 1031，ff. 208r–215v (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10539303j)Isaac ibn al-Aḥdab 的 *Keli Ḥemda*（“珍贵仪器”）——描述了一种均化器（equatorium）的构造与使用，该仪器用于几何计算行星位置。2 约1396（创作于西西里岛锡拉库萨；此为后来手稿抄本）R. Isaac ibn al-Aḥdab*Orah Selulah* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Isaac_ibn_al-Ahdab_Orah_Selulah.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Isaac_ibn_al-Ahdab_Orah_Selulah_Footnotes.pdf)Gallica / 法国国家图书馆 — Hébreu 1086 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105395090)Isaac ibn al-Ahdab（西西里岛，14世纪末）的一套天文表，用于计算太阳和月亮的真合与冲——*Orah Selulah*（“铺平的路”），流传最广的希伯来语天文表作品之一（现存约25份手稿）。2 约1288（编著；此为后来手稿抄本）R. Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon*Roba’ Yisrael* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Jacob_ben_Machir_ibn_Tibbon_Roba_Yisrael.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Jacob_ben_Machir_ibn_Tibbon_Roba_Yisrael_Footnotes.pdf)Gallica / 法国国家图书馆 — Hébreu 1031，ff. 131r–147v (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10539303j)Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon 关于 *quadrans novus*（他自创的改进型天文象限仪）的论著，描述了该仪器的构造及用于天文和计时测量的方法。2 约1329R. Levi ben Gershom*Milchamot HaShem* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Levi_ben_Gershom_Milchamot_HaShem.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Levi_ben_Gershom_Milchamot_HaShem_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — sefermilamothash00leviuoft (https://archive.org/details/sefermilamothash00leviuoft)《上主之战》是中世纪普罗旺斯最勇敢的思想家之一Levi ben Gershom（Gersonides，1288–1344）的哲学与神学杰作。2 约1328R. Levi ben Gershom*Sefer HaTechunah* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Levi_ben_Gershom_Sefer_HaTechunah.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Levi_ben_Gershom_Sefer_HaTechunah_Footnotes.pdf)Gallica / 法国国家图书馆 — MS Hébreu 724，ff. 1r–257v (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10544205n)一部完整的中世纪数理天文学体系，形式上为《上主之战》第五卷第一部分。2 15世纪（编著；此为后来手稿抄本）R. Mordecai Comtino*Sefer ha-Ḥeshbon ve-ha-Middot* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Mordecai_Comtino_Sefer_ha-Heshbon_ve-ha-Middot.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Mordecai_Comtino_Sefer_ha-Heshbon_ve-ha-Middot_Footnotes.pdf)Gallica / 法国国家图书馆 — Hébreu 1031，ff. 26r–65r (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10539303j)Mordecai ben Eliezer Comtino（君士坦丁堡，15世纪）关于算术和实用几何的教学论著，他是拜占庭犹太教界最杰出的拉比学者之一。2 1797R. Pinchas Eliyahu Hurwitz*Sefer HaBrit HaShalem* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Pinchas_Eliyahu_Hurwitz_Sefer_HaBrit_HaShalem.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Pinchas_Eliyahu_Hurwitz_Sefer_HaBrit_HaShalem_Footnotes.pdf)HebrewBooks.org — ID 43670 (https://hebrewbooks.org/43670)一部涵盖科学和神秘主义的鸿篇希伯来语百科全书，是其时代最广泛阅读的希伯来语书籍之一。2 约1310R. Yitzchak Yisraeli*Yesod Olam* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Yitzchak_Yisraeli_Yesod_Olam.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Yitzchak_Yisraeli_Yesod_Olam_Footnotes.pdf)Digital Bodleian — MS. Huntington 299 (https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/aa14af19-443e-4f76-99da-7f3a4cd067a0/)伟大的中世纪希伯来语天文学及犹太历法科学论著之一，创作于14世纪前半叶的托莱多。2 1602Tycho Brahe*Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_Astronomiae_Instauratae_Mechanica.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_Astronomiae_Instauratae_Mechanica_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — gri_tychonisbrah00brah (https://archive.org/details/gri_tychonisbrah00brah)一本装帧精美的目录，汇集了望远镜发明前最精确的天文仪器，均收藏于赫文岛的天文台。2 1610Tycho Brahe*Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_Astronomiae_Instauratae_Progymnasmata.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_Astronomiae_Instauratae_Progymnasmata_Footnotes.pdf)e-rara ETH-苏黎世图书馆 — Rar 4153 DOI 10.3931/e-rara-315，对象 ID 84169 (https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/doi/10.3931/e-rara-315)揭示了彻底改变天文学科学的观测计划最全面的陈述。2 1588Tycho Brahe*De Mundi Aetherei Recentioribus Phaenomenis* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_De_Mundi_Aetherei_Recentioribus_Phaenomenis.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_De_Mundi_Aetherei_Recentioribus_Phaenomenis_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — bub_gb_2f-EqKxRN34C (https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2f-EqKxRN34C)1577年，一颗明亮的彗星划过欧洲上空，当时最精良的仪器对准了它，测量结果粉碎了关于永恒不变完美天球的古老信仰：彗星自由移动，而原本那里应该存在着坚固的晶体天球。2 1596Tycho Brahe*Epistolarum Astronomicarum Libri* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_Epistolarum_Astronomicarum_Libri.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Tycho_Brahe_Epistolarum_Astronomicarum_Libri_Footnotes.pdf)Internet Archive — tychonisbrahedan00brah (https://archive.org/details/tychonisbrahedan00brah)在科学期刊出现之前，天文学家通过信件争论、炫耀和交换发现。2 约150–850年Unknown*Mishnat ha-Middot* (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Unknown_Mishnat_ha-Middot.pdf) 脚注 (https://arsastronomica.us-southeast-1.linodeobjects.com/Unknown_Mishnat_ha-Middot_Footnotes.pdf)HebrewBooks.org — ID 39044 (https://hebrewbooks.org/39044)现存最早的希伯来语几何学论著——一本简明实用的测量手册，涵盖平面图形的面积和周长、圆和弓形的测量，以及一个π的早期取值。2 ## 更新 **2026-07-05** - 向文献汇编中新增八部著作：*Milchamot HaShem*（Gersonides）、*Sefer