MSR-IVA: Masked Structural Residual Independent Vector Analysis for State-Aware Fusion of Structural MRI and Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity

arXiv:2608.24978v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal fusion of structural MRI (sMRI) and dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) can reveal how brain structure relates to changing functional states. When the same structural latent representation is coupled with multiple states, applying independent vector analysis (IVA) separately to each state can produce unrelated structural decompositions, while forcing identical decompositions may suppress state-specific relationships. In addition, not every subject expresses every dynamic state. We propose masked structural residual IVA (MSR-IVA), a state-aware framework that combines a shared structural representation with state-specific residual adaptations and masks for incomplete state expression. On an Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, MSR-IVA improved matched source coupling by 6.5% and reduced unmatched dependence by 15.7% relative to the independent pairwise IVA baseline. Among subjects expressing both states, mean absolute cross-state structural source correlation was 0.9177 for MSR-IVA versus 0.2978 for no sharing, demonstrating controlled structural sharing that preserves source correspondence while allowing state-specific adaptation.