The European Social Stack

# The European Social Stack · An open declaration Source: [https://european.social/](https://european.social/) An open declaration Open Social Platforms and Private Messaging Social media’s impact on society and citizens clearly shows the need for change\. Europe has a strong ecosystem of social companies and a deep well of expertise in designing and operating social protocols\. We are building on this to move away from large monopolistic platforms with their authoritarian governance and editorial positions, and are joining forces to establish a diverse and resilient information infrastructure in Europe\. Together, we will protect people and institutions from interference by these platforms\. What’s more, we will bring thousands of jobs and billions of euros that social media generates to our continent, to circulate that revenue in our own thriving business ecosystem\. From this perspective, open European platforms and protocols such as the Fediverse \(Mastodon, PeerTube, or Mobilizon\), the Atmosphere \(Eurosky, Flashes, Tangled, or Web Tiles\) and Private Messaging systems \(like Matrix or XMPP\) are complementary solutions for Europe, with shared common goals\. *Here is how we are building the European Social Web:* Common principles ## The eight principles we hold in common\. - ### Digital autonomy We are governing digital infrastructure in Europe, according to democratic principles, away from the control of foreign companies or governments\. - ### European tech stack Social media and social networking are an important element of foreign technological dominance and key to foreign political interference in Europe\. Therefore, we are building the Social Web as a critical layer of an independent Europe\. - ### Decentralised networks Europe is a union of 27 sovereign nations, over 200 languages and dialects, 242 regions, 100,000\+ towns and cities and 450M people, united by the idea that collaboration and coordination is best for all Europeans\. Decentralised social networks match the European model – diversity and local autonomy connected by transparent, open standards into a robust and resilient whole\. As Europeans, we are seizing the opportunity to move to resilient, decentralised social networks and protocols, away from oligarch\-owned walled gardens\. - ### European content\. European social networks\. European infrastructure\. We call upon governments, municipalities, public service media, and civic institutions to: - Publish content preferentially on open European social media\. Oligarch\-owned infrastructure follows oligarch editorial lines, and none of those are in the public’s interest\. - Invest in European content and the infrastructure to produce such content needed for European social networks\. - Fund the development of resilient, decentralised technology and infrastructure supporting European content and networks\. - ### Wide and diverse ownership We support a mix of ownership structures for social networks, from community to privately owned, from non\-profit to VC\-backed, from co\-operatives to local companies\. We call upon our elected officials to demonstrate political leadership and stop pandering to models that serve no European interest\. - ### Diverse business models With a diversity of ownership comes a diversity of business models\. Our systems empower server operators and entrepreneurs to select the business model that best meets their needs, be it ad\-supported \(including novel privacy\-preserving advertising technology developed in Europe\), software\-as a\-service \(SaaS\), subscriptions, crowdfunding, public funding, and any other methods which they can imagine\. - ### Strengthening democracy Europe is in a hybrid conflict on two fronts; our elections and political life are under direct attack from foreign agents who use social media to manipulate public opinion and centre the political agenda to undermine us\. We are deploying systems that have editorial pluralism and FIMI monitoring built in to shield our polity from influence and make our democracy resilient under attack\. - ### Open source The European social stack is a chance to bring Europe’s open source software strategy to everyday Europeans’ lives in a meaningful way\. Open Source servers, infrastructure, and apps make social networking for Europeans more transparent, secure, and reliable\. We are adopting open source and open protocol solutions to replace proprietary foreign technology\. Complementary technologies ## Three complementary stacks\. Networked technologies form institutions that lend themselves to addressing different governance needs for different environments\. Putting these three stacks together covers extensive ground: - ### Private messaging For Private Messaging in groups, open standards \(like Matrix or XMPP\) are ideal for instantaneous communication, or sharing between family or friends\. Multiple EU member states have successfully adopted these protocols, including for security and defence applications\. - ### The Fediverse The Fediverse, built around ActivityPub, has grown from cohesive grassroots communities that interact with one another, and connects all aspects of a social platform or digital publication into a single deployment\. It is exemplified by Mastodon, PeerTube, and Mobilizon\. - ### The Atmosphere The Atmosphere, running AT, has its foundations in large\-scale public social media systems and correspondingly offers the kind of unbundled governance that should be expected of large democratic systems\. It can be seen at work in Eurosky, Flashes, Tangled, or the newer Web Tiles\. Joint developments ## What the signatories intend to build together\. The open European platforms and protocols that sign intend to explore working on important areas of joint development\. These include: - ### Eurobridge Support and development of Eurobridge, a European\-owned and \-operated bridge that connects European Fediverse servers with Eurosky and the Atmosphere \(built on Bridgy Fed\)\. - ### Distributed identity The development of a system for a distributed identity that can be used across networks and beyond \(e\.g\. the European Digital ID Wallet\) and protects personal data\. - ### Content moderation The development of content moderation infrastructure in accordance with the DSA and the DMA in order to support developers and communities to manage illegal content such as CSAM\. - ### Multi\-protocol integration Multi\-protocol integration such as using Matrix for DMs or stories in social apps that otherwise focus on community or public interactions, so that builders and users get the best of all worlds in a simple, invisible manner\. - ### Collaboration on representation and funding Representatives of the protocols, networks, platforms, and the communities they support are supportive of each other’s approaches to institutions and funders, collaborate on joint representations, submit joint proposals for funding \(where appropriate\), or acknowledge the need for dual funding for complementary solutions \(where separate funding proposals are made\)\. - ### A full social ecosystem Work together to build a full social ecosystem\. We are facing incumbents with trillions in valuation and billions of users, the only approach that is bigger than they are is ecosystemic\. An ecosystem built on shared infrastructure and protocols empowers small builders to create social apps in no time and users to freely move between them\. The network effects we create are shared by all\. Organisations ## Organisational signatories\. - Felix AbleitnerLemmy - Jaz\-Michael KingIFTAS - James SmithManyfold - Melanie Bartos, Johannes Ernst, Tommi MarmoFediForum - Wolfgang OelsEcosia - Anirudh OppiliappanTangled - Guido X JansenSingi Labs / Sifa ID - Peter MechelsFediVariety - John O’NolanGhost\.org - Bert StavenuiterMentaal\.nl - Kai Simon UtzingerSOVERIA - Christian BollertPodcast\-Radio detektor\.fm - Herman FostvedtSkylike\.social - Florian KönigKING CONSULT \| Kommunikation - Sam SauerKrekeny - Silas Wolfwoven - Alice StollmeyerDefend Democracy - Paul PayneCivil Society Technology Foundation - Robin EveraarsHOIST IT B\.V\. - Mark WieczorekPlanetary Research Cooperative - Niels Decostertouchgrass\.network - Hugo GameiroMasto\.host - Razali SamsudinManifest Studio - Jurgen GaeremynBeLibre - Ankesh BhartiTiles Privacy - Rafael BeckelVista Tech & Art GmbH - De Bontridder DanyNOALYSS - Nepomuk Seilergutefrage\.net GmbH - Mads BordinggaardRillbar - Nzayisenga lsmaelGlobal Cultivators Network - Martin FiedlerCreative Saxony - Jeroen JanssenLAYLO B\.V\. - h3artbl33dExquisite - Kurt Gramlichwww\.fsub\.de - Patrick BoehlerGazzetta - Ian PrestonPeergos - Mischa PetersOpenBSD Amsterdam - Christian LandgrenBerget AI - Ian ForresterCubicgarden ltd - Markus SabadelloDanube Tech - Callum OwenWholesome Tech - Kim Yeong\-jaeCYbrain\-Group - Jayne Samuel\-Walkertoot\.wales - Sophie BloemenCommons Network - Matt MorelliGive Back Guide - Tobias B\. BacherleFOTI \(Future of Technology Institute\) - Hannes WiterspanFediway - Paulo Emanuel Emdal Novais GuimaraesDARE Collective - Damon OutlawWe Distribute - David ChavalariasComplex Systems Institute of Paris Île\-de\-France - OpenPortabilityOpenPortability - Dr Astrid DeilmannCampact - Olivier MillsBaobab Tech - Philipp FodemakeITsocial - Louis R ReynoldsCommonshub - Stefane FermigierAbilian SAS - Jeremiah LeeAnanas Teknik - Piergiorgio Catti De GasperiWeb3Privacy Now - Jacques\-Olivier GardaInnov'Active - Christophe JourdainPaperMotion - Jan Oleszczuk\-ZygmuntowskiPLZ Cooperative - Daniel BurghardtEntwicklungspolitisches Netzwerk Hessen e\.V\. \(EPN Hessen\) - Jan SchmirmundSuveris\.eu - Calum McGregorMontague Newton Group - Patrick LeavyRebel Tech Alliance - Filippo Della BiancaFedimedia - Samantha GrahamState of Mind Individuals ## Individual signatories\. - Guido X JansenFounder · Sifa ID - Ben Werdmuller - Tyler FisherFounder · Sill - Douwe Schmidt - Shivam DhwanCEO · Leren Leren - Katharina Holste\-Gerstenkorn - Herbert Ristl - Michael Luger - Damian Kunkis - Ib Haarsma - Haarsma Betist - Tino RuijsSoftware specialist - William de Bruijnresearcher for public media · VPRO/NPO - Regina Niemann - Stephan Schaefer - Peter Diekmann - Joachim TillessenPartner / Creative Director · emjot GmbH & Co\. KG - Sarah NicolePolicy & Research Manager · Project Liberty Institute - Martina Flöth - Anja Garrelfs - Heinrich J\. Thies - Thiago Ferrer MoriniJournalist · EL PAÍS - Helmut Rauscher - Miguel Andúgar - Dieter PohlandDr\. med\. - Udo Bader - Oliver Sehon - Herbert Haider - Oliver Kant - Bernd Thomsen - Martha Ernst - Stine Schaefer - André ScholzTransformation Consultant - Thiago SkárnioAlquimídia - David Van den Brande - Julian Müller - Barry PrendergastDirector · renderghost - Ewan - Harold Klein - Roel VanhooydonckDigital marketeer · Nevi - Nicolas HéninAuthor and researcher - Paul FuxjägerResearcher · University of Vienna - Rolf Bruederlin - T MollSenior Site Reliability Engineer - Ursula Mettner - Athenae Erulin - Jonas Krauss - Joël Brogniart - Mathieu Lefebvre - Michael Müller - Klemen SlavičLead Software Engineer - Bjarne Voigtländer - Stefan Kolmsperger - Mark BoasMedia Technologist · The Hyperaudio Project - Nikolaos Dimitropoulos - Bouke van LaethemCyber and Digital Autonomy Advisor · Digitale Doetank - Jan Henckens - Damien MATHIEUFounder / Developer · Cookifed - Isaac Sousa - Florent LefebvreSocial data analyst - Martin Lentink - Fernando Fernández De La Fuente - Evan Huang - Valérie Desenne Salomon - Nathalie Bourgois - Luzenko Nicolas - Erik von St\. Pauli POPHost and Admin · stpauli\.social - João VicenteTeacher - Vincent Lemaire - Geoffrey Cox - Catharina Bethlehem - Marcin Psiurski - Felix SchröterSenior Software Engineer - Peter EisenhoferDigital Volunteer - Colin Ozanne - Enrique SanchisSoftware engineer - Michel Patrice - mu zhongNeural network researchers and network engineers - Julius Anuth - Ruben Mepschen - Anséric Stemart - Loïc Herbreteau - Philippos PapadopoulosFounder · Open Risk - Xavier Desplanches - Takahashi ShuujiWeb Developer · Open Source Contributor - Herma van den Brand - Dirk Holtwick - Ralph Möcklinghoff - Serhii Kostenko - Rachel Lawson - Karin Nachtigal - Lars Hanisch - Christian MüllerSoftware Engineer - Melanie Schrader - Jean Michel Bourin - Erlend Sogge HeggenFounder · Roomy - Christian Müller - Nick BohleEuropean citizen - Michael Bacq - Richard Foremanowner · Foreman Art Research & Technology - Markus Mayer - Mathew LowryInformation architect, communication strategist · Fresh Integral Communications - Riccardo Testa - Amir Masoud AbdolDr\. - Matthias Wallner\-Géhri - Jack G - Antoinette MarshallCreative Technologist - Naomi Roberts - Juliet Chen - Mark Wieczorek - Sorin BiriescuData manager - Bernhard Maurer - Isabelle Delseny\-ErnestConsultante Digital & Numérique - João Pinto Junqueira CoelhoSoftware Engineer - Romain Becker - Eskild Wikkeling - Thibaut Briand - Christoph Stulz - Alain Reul - Myles ByrneFinland - Albert Schmitz - Mark Paul Mocanu - Klaus Lichtenwalder - Kyryl MysnikovEngineer - Hervé Barjat - Nicolas BorboënEPFL - Konstantin Tschaikowski - Troed SångbergCybersec Professional - Isabelle Bégou - Jan BleckwedelPsyhotherapist - Alexandre AP Plennevaux - Sabrina Buurmann - Günter Hennings - Mylan Kok - Steven Vandevelde - Daniel RoeOpen source maintainer - Jens Jørgen Mortensen - Matthias Perz - James GibsonFounder · The HumanRaceOrg - jeannas Jean\-Yvesvice président · AFUL - Hans\-Peter Kern - Adam Wysokiński - Frederic Giloux - Dr Grahame Cooper - Udo Kasel - Angelo MassaroHistorical researcher · Centre for Historical Research - Christoph MayerScientist - Gaétan Young - Aurélien GeninEuropean citizen - Thomas Diener - Razali SamsudinFreedom Tech Builder · Manifest Studio - Mark KlerksEuropean citizen - Günter Tristram - Anna\-Carolina Vogel - Emmanuelle Foltz - heike matscheroth - Juan Roberto GarcíaDeveloper - Denis Scollie - Tuomas TPL Leone - Oliver Kurbel - Sylvain Franiatte - Niclas Overby - Pertti Juhani PyhtiläThe Greens, Finland - Kuba SuderIndependent ATProto developer - Paul de Maat - Jörgpeter Engel - Julien Calixte - Simonetta VezzosoTrento University - Nela Elise HagenFullstack Developer - Eduard MolnarStudent · CTQ - Jeremy HerveSoftware Engineer - Rémi Nouvelot - Franky Devooght - Marion Thibord - Jose Antonio Perez - Steohan Blocks - Giorgio VaniniDeveloper, writer - Henk Metselaar - Vasco Ezequiel PedrosaCitizen - René Rodríguez G\.Educador Social · Consejería de Educación - Dan PinaSoftware Developer - Ralf\-Dietmar Klatte - Joan Sentis - Francisco Molinero - Māris Jonovs - Thierry Dhuart - Ondřej Holan - William Oswald - Artur CoelhoTeacher - Manuel Pintor - Sven A\. Schmidt - Hans Gerwitz - Etienne Burdet - Nicolas Castelain - Gabriela Sotirca - Felix Kastner - Matteo Pellizzari - Mads Bordinggaard - Rene Fischer - Francesco Feriozzi - reiner peterke - Wolfgang Hagen - Tomáš ZnamenáčekJournalist - Kevin Dölling - Mael ThomasFondateur de cartes\.app - Lukas Klingsbo - Victoria Scott - Benjamin Dumas - Ulrik Høyer Kold - Sheryar M - Thomas WürglerTeacher - Büssing\-Kruse - Peter Turtenwald - Ricky LagerkvistAndroid developer - Christian Frank - Mahon McCannDigital Ethics researcher · Dublin City University - Logan Dupont - Dario Castañé - Steffen Lemmerzahl - Josu Abasolo - David Esteve - Kai\-Christian Bruhn - Paulo da Silva - Christof Panzner - Roman Kofler - Kaspar Straßburgdeveloper, European citizen - David Alfonsín Lareo - Peter Götz - Annette PeterMedical Doctor · Rehab Clinic - Pascal Hertleif - Peter SuberHarvard University - Lorenzo Ubaldi - Arnar palsson - Rocco Zanni - Eric HameleersSenior IT Manager - Marius Melzer - Pedro Pozo Camino - josep vives jounouPublic servant · personal - Stephan Hochdörfer - Jari RonkainenStaff Engineer - Gregor Goldbach - Hector Pedros\-\-Godefroy - Stephan LewandowskyProfessor of Cognitive Science · University of Bristol - Jean\-Christophe François - Mark Glen Bilby - Jordi Alsina GavarróIT Technician - Carlos González Berrendero - Heleen Kuiper - marianne schmidt - Sascha PallenbergBlogger · MeTacheles - Remco IJpelaar - Martin Ruskovresearcher and developer · University of Milan & AgileLab - Nico MackResearch Engineer - Dr\. med\. Mathias GöbelKardiologie Fischbachtal - Edison Brunio LepitenFounder · AIEONYX - José Manuel Alves Guedes dos Santos - Dirk Schulze Grachtrup - Bernard PochetOpenSolution\.be - Alessandro Giorgi - Dieter HaerinckSoftware developer, designer and integrator · bevrijd\.net - Sabine - Aendra Rininsland - Gregor Böhler - Ingo RadatzCDO · Kommunales Bildungswerk e\.V\. - Frank LoockVolunteer · Freundeskreis Samson\-Schule Wolfenbüttel - Eric - Oliver Andrich - Niamh Mac Namara - Peter Personn - Anna MarwedelBiologist · EvoBrain - Micah Blachman - Dieter Delling - Martin Gesslbauer - Armin Zimmer - Daniel Schmid - Anna Maria Kirsch - Flouvat - Martin HullinDirector, · Bertelsmann Stiftung - ralf tauscherfreiburg\.social e\.V\. - tobias honert - Max RetzlaffJunior Application Manager - Nicolas Lorin - Marco Arts - Raphael Dürscheid - Frank Zimmermann - Matthias BergCreative Consultant · BERG\.WORKS - Gregor Schädel - Marcio DuarteAI Engineer - Reinhold Klein - Christoph SchmeesDer PC\-Flüsterer - Oliver Spalt - Daniel Lippe - Pedro Miguel Oliveira da Silva - Marc\-Philipp KittelFreelance Creative Director - Joana BreidenbachFounder · Gut\.org, brafe\.space - Catherina Steil - Steven LangbroekEngineering Leader - GiwanSoftware Eng\. \| Founder - Jens Olaf Koch - Sebastian Günnelfounder · Institut für Wohnforschung - Anna BisonJournalist / Digital Ethics - Michel Lind - Cadet AlexandraMobilizon · Kaihuri - Dennis DierkesSoftware Engineer · Digital Service des Bundes - Andy Schwab - Helen WullenweberSpeaker · Volt Hamburg Women\* - Panagiotis Zimnas - Lepczynski StéphanieGreens/EFA Group in the European Parliament - Mareike Kühnel - Saša Stanišić - Jorge Luis Revilla Valdivia - Graham PlattDoctor, retired - Fabian Norden - Matthias Thamling - Jens Frick - Mark AdamsModerator · toot\.wales - Jayne Samuel\-WalkerModerator · toot\.wales - Olaf Bentkämper - Diego NaranjoIndependent consultant · www\.diegonaranjo\.eu - Stefan Kellendonk - Manuela Müller - Anke Domscheit\-BergTech Journalist, former MP \(Deutscher Bundestag\) - Christopher Coenen - Philipp Sickmann - Andreas Wiese - Tomislav Perisic - Alexis BushnellModerator · Toot Wales - Monika Wiedemann - Lena Charistes - Michele Pallmer - Mathis - Michel JacquetCommunity enabler · Commonly - Sebastian Raiblepolitical consultant · raible\.be - Thomas Westerholt - Martin RauschMartin Rausch - Harald RiederProf\. Dr\. med\. - Stefano Figura - Fermin Person - Markus MayerDr\. - Tobias Gillen - Philipp HeubergerSoftware Engineer - Benedikt Gerst - Aneta Baier - Simon Kimmig - Gerard C\. L\.Software Engineer - Erik Linthead IDlab · Amsterdam University of the Arts - Charlotte EchterhoffDr\. - Martin Klinder - Paulo Emanuel Novais Guimaraes - Sean GilisEuropean Cultural Foundation - Robert Viehoff - Stéphane BataillonInvestor, journalist - Lilian DammannFounder - Jorgen KarskensAmsterdam University of Applied Sciences - Ullrich Schäfer - Nicholas Gool - Pascal GuldenerComputational linguist - Paddy CorryAgile Coach - Maximilian PetrasDr\. - Piotr Michna - Geert\-Jan Bogaerts - Canat - Pierre Fera - Vianney Barbin - Simone VagnoniPhD researcher · University of Bologna - Anaëlle GonzalezPostdoctoral researcher · KU Leuven university - Fouillet Aurélienenseignant\-chercheur · centre de recherche en design - Thomas SouverainPostdoctoral Researcher · ENS Ulm - Didier Lefèvre\-Houziel - Nicolas Spatola - Christina Schätz - Jean SauvignonChier Data Officer · QuotaClimat - Gilles Filippini - Jan Tietjealias Sparfindig · JanTietje\.de - Yannick JacquemartDirector new flexibilities development · RTE - Philippe RiouxJournalist - Marion Ammicht - Reiner KnudsenSoftware Engineer - Thorben Kohler - Audrey TangCyber Ambassador · Taiwan - Margarete Benzing - William LoweSenior Research Scientist · Hertie School - Benjamin Schmolck - Jo K - Thomas Park - Ruth Habermehl - Merve Kayıkçı - Dumoulin JeanTeacher - René Oelkefoobugs - Colin O'BrienConsult Colin - Meldane\#fediverse\-francophone:matrix\.org - Max AugustFriend and promoter of free software and networks - Thomas Piasta - Caro sabrina - Peter Mechels - Ron van der Endeechobeach - Orand - Dr\. Michael StrautmannAI Advisor - Sabina Barcucci - Gabriel Voelkneroffline techy - Louis EscherSoftware Engineer & Founder · Colibri Social - Thomas GüntherMedienbäcker - Enrique Javier Benítez PalmaUniversidad de Córdoba - Elouan Grimm - Ton van der Liet - Nicolas Tournery - Hans\-Jürgen Eichler - z\. blacepractice based researcher/facilitator · Multimedia Institute, Zagreb - Ralf Weber - Yoshie Agata - Daniel MollFounder · Agentic Engineering - Matthias Galm - Viola Fohlmeister - Tim Schofield - Nathanaël Havez - Stegfellner Markus - Julian SommerFounder · Harmoniq - Florian Geyer - Fabien Basmaison - Nicolas FressengeasFull Professor · Université de Lorraine - Alexander Beer - Björn BrembsProfessor · Universität Regensburg - Gonzalo Fernández Gómezgonzalofergo\.com - Antonio Blanco VillenaTranslator - Ignacio Cartón - Delphine Clement - Alexander DegelmannDigitalstratege - Pablo Martínez - Mihai TodorSoftware Engineer · EMBL\-EBI - Antoine VendevilleResearcher · Sciences Po Paris - Felicitas Weiß - Georg Nowak - Michael CampbellMr - Patricia Dekker - Donald Waters - Jake Dane - Adam HardyCyberspaceRoad - Arkadiusz WilamowskiData Engineer - Clara MaguireExecutive Director · The Citizens - Marco PaganInformation Designer - Christophe HennerFormer chair · Wikimedia - Laurens HofWriter · Connected Places - Theodor Baltus Steiner - Willem van Linge - Jukka\-Pekka AhonenEntrepreneur Sign the declaration ## Add your name\. 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