The Download：AI瓶颈争论与BCI试验加速推进

<p><em>这是今日版</em><a href="https://forms.technologyreview.com/newsletters/briefing-the-download/?_ga=2.179569122.736533416.1649661040-405833893.1649413289"><em>The Download</em></a><em>，我们的工作日通讯，每天为你提供科技世界的最新动态。</em><br></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>一家初创公司声称突破了阻碍大语言模型的瓶颈</strong></h3> <p>AI 初创公司 Subquadratic 上个月结束隐秘模式，并宣称取得了重大突破：它解决了一个近十年来一直阻碍大语言模型发展的数学瓶颈。</p> <p>这一声称的突破源自于大幅削减 Transformer 生成答案所需的计算量。其结果是得到一个更快、更便宜的大语言模型，能耗远低于市场上的任何其他模型。</p> <p>许多专家仍持怀疑态度——但 Subquadratic 已经开始分享证据。这些证据表明他们的方法或许值得关注。</p> <p><a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/06/19/1139313/a-startup-claims-it-broke-through-a-bottleneck-thats-holding-back-llms/?utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*">以下是该系统的运作方式——以及为什么一些研究人员仍未被说服</a>。</p> <p><em>—Will Douglas Heaven</em></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>脑机接口试验正在蓬勃发展</strong></h3> <p><em>—Jessica Hamzelou</em></p> <p>本周，我报道了<a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/06/15/1138953/man-als-first-power-user-brain-implant-speak-bci/?utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*">Casey Harrell 的故事</a>——一位患有 ALS 的男性，他是脑植入物的“首位超级用户”。该设备使他能够维持收入、与朋友和家人重新联系，并为女儿朗读。他告诉我，这“堪称革命性”。&nbsp;</p> <p>过去几年间，BCI 试验志愿者的数量急剧增加。今年，中国成为首个批准 BCI 用于医疗的国家。技术的进步让工程师能够提供比以往更多的功能。BCI 研究正在真正起飞。</p> <p><a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/06/15/1138953/man-als-first-power-user-brain-implant-speak-bci/?utm_source=the_checkup&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_checkup.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_content=06-18-26">了解这项技术如何从实验室逐步走向市场</a>。<br><br><strong>本文</strong><a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/06/19/1139270/brain-computer-interface-trials-are-taking-off/?utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*"><strong>来自 The Checkup</strong></a><strong>，我们的每周通讯为您提供生物科技领域的内幕消息。</strong><a href="https://forms.technologyreview.com/newsletters/biotech-the-checkup/?_ga=2.27955388.1879496638.1664182320-160041263.1657781451&amp;mc_cid=a40eac2491&amp;mc_eid=f221407621&amp;utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*"><strong>立即订阅</strong></a><strong>，每周四发送到您的邮箱。</strong></p> <p class="has-medium-font-size"><strong>必读精选</strong></p> <p><em>我在互联网上精心筛选，为你带来今日最有趣/重要/惊悚/迷人的科技故事。</em></p> <p><strong>1 支持数据中心限制的亚马逊员工可能面临解雇</strong><br>这些工程师表示他们正在接受公司调查。（<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/18/technology/amazon-worker-retaliation-data-center-complaints.html">NYT</a> $）<br><em>+ 且可能面临纪律处分，包括潜在的解雇。</em>（<a href="https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/952180/amazon-seattle-data-center-moratorium-aecj-disciplinary-action">The Verge</a>）<br>+<em>他们曾在有关暂停数据中心的会议上作证。</em>（<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/18/amazon-engineers-ai-data-center-opposition.html">CNBC</a>）<br><em>+ 他们已向西雅图民权办公室提交联合投诉。</em>（<a href="https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-workers-under-internal-investigation-after-speaking-out-about-data-centers/">Wired</a> $）<br><br><strong>2 一项新的化石发现改写了150年的进化理论</strong><br>它表明早期陆地脊椎动物跳过了蝌蚪阶段。（<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2531039-remarkable-fossils-rewrite-the-story-of-how-animals-conquered-the-land/">New Scientist</a> $）<br><em>+ 并引发了关于脊椎动物如何适应陆地的问题。</em>（<a href="https://www.404media.co/a-new-fossil-discovery-just-rewrote-150-years-of-evolutionary-theory/">404 Media</a>）<br><em>+ 海绵可能是最早的动物。</em>（<a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/01/06/1129016/sponges-may-have-been-the-first-animals/?utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*">MIT Technology Review</a>）<br> <br><strong>3 Bernie Sanders 计划让公众直接拥有 AI 公司的所有权</strong><br>他公布了新立法，旨在创建 AI 主权财富基金。（<a href="https://apnews.com/article/bernie-sanders-ai-public-ownership-57b9f20d96490083e2749adba0f13977">AP News</a>）<br><em>+ 该基金将通过向 AI 公司股票征收一次性税来筹集资金。</em>（<a href="https://qz.com/bernie-sanders-ai-sovereign-wealth-fund-public-ownership-061826">Quartz</a>）<br><em>+ 并每年直接向美国人支付款项。</em>（<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/06/18/bernie-sanders-proposes-wealth-fund-give-americans-stake-ai/">Washington Post</a> $）<br> <br><strong>4 中国投资者在 SpaceX 上市前秘密收购了其股份</strong><br>其中一位投资者与中国军工承包商有关联。（<a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/spacex-elon-musk-ipo-foreign-investors-china">ProPublica</a>）<br><em>+ 美国担心中国已获得 ASML 的一款顶级机器。</em>（<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/us-targets-chinese-chipmaking-with-proposed-export-restrictions-asml-others-2026-04-03/">Reuters</a> $）<br> <br><strong>5 研究人员已弄清俄罗斯核动力导弹的原理</strong><br>他们称其为“一个可怕的想法”——但并非不可能实现。（<a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/06/18/nx-s1-5843252/russia-nuclear-powered-missile-burevestnik">NPR</a>）<br><em>+ NASA 正在建造核反应堆动力航天器。</em>（<a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/04/14/1135848/nasa-nuclear-powered-spacecraft/?utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*">MIT Technology Review</a>）<br> <br><strong>6 长寿医学面临一项里程碑式试验的生死时刻</strong><br>该试验将测试细胞衰老能否在人类身上安全地逆转。（<a href="https://www.axios.com/2026/06/18/longevity-medicine-critical-moment">Axios</a>）<br><em>+ 下一步是“化学重编程”。</em>（<a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/06/09/1138545/david-sinclair-plans-to-test-whole-body-rejuvenation-drugs-in-the-xprize-competition/?utm_source=the_download&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=the_download.unpaid.engagement&amp;utm_term=*%7CSUBCLASS%7C*&amp;utm_content=*%7CDATE:m-d-Y%7C*">MIT Technology Review</a>）<br> <br><strong>7 </strong></p>