Paper page - EurekAgent: Agent Environment Engineering is All You Need For Autonomous Scientific Discovery

Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2606.13662

Abstract

Environment engineering enhances autonomous scientific discovery by designing structured agent environments that optimize behaviors like exploration and collaboration while mitigating issues such as reward hacking and human oversight friction, as demonstrated by the EurekAgent system that achieves state-of-the-art results across multiple domains with low computational costs.

LLM-based agents have shown increasing potential in automating scientific discovery. Given an optimizable metric and an execution environment, they can propose, validate, and iterate scientific solutions, and have produced results that outperform human-designed approaches. As model capabilities continue to improve, we argue that the bottleneck forautonomous scientific discoveryis shifting from prescribing agent workflows to designingagent environments: the resources, constraints, and interfaces that shape agent behavior. We frame this asenvironment engineering: building environments that amplify productive behaviors, such as open-ended exploration, systematic artifact management, and inter-agent collaboration, while suppressing harmful behaviors, such asreward hackingand high-friction human oversight. We presentEurekAgent, an environment-engineered agent system for metric-drivenautonomous scientific discovery.EurekAgentengineers the environment along four dimensions:permissions engineeringfor bounded agent execution and isolated evaluation;artifact engineeringfor filesystem and Git-based collaboration;budget engineeringfor budget-aware exploration; andhuman-in-the-loop engineeringfor easy human supervision and intervention.EurekAgentsets new state-of-the-art results on multiple mathematics, kernel engineering, and machine learning tasks, including new state-of-the-art 26-circle packing results discovered with less than $11 in total API cost. We open-source our code and results, and call forenvironment engineeringas a core research direction for developing reliable autonomous research agents.

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