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This paper introduces Opal (Opportunity-aware Policy Authorization for Laboratories), a framework that certifies whether adaptive experimentation should be enabled by precommitting to non-trivial adaptation, controlled target risk, and positive executed value after cost. It establishes an impossibility boundary and demonstrates the method on a Cell Painting dataset, achieving risk control and positive value.
该论文提出贝叶斯上下文实验者（Bayesian in-context experimenters），通过训练Transformer模仿贝叶斯后验Neyman教师策略，实现自适应平均处理效应（ATE）估计，并采用混合专家Transformer处理未知平滑性，理论证明可通过监督预训练学习该策略。