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This paper proposes a modular LLM-based pipeline that generates diverse test scenarios for autonomous driving systems using historical failure records (e.g., NHTSA crash data), enabling effective failure discovery within limited testing budgets.

The 2026 Tesla Model Y became the first vehicle to pass NHTSA's new Advanced Driver Assistance System tests under the NCAP program, meeting criteria for pedestrian automatic emergency braking, lane keeping assistance, blind spot warning, and blind spot intervention.