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The Readout Shortcut: Positional Number Copying Dominates Arithmetic CoT Readout in Small Language Models

arXiv cs.LG · 2026-05-25 Cached

This paper identifies a 'positional copying' shortcut where small language models answer arithmetic questions by copying the last number before the answer delimiter, bypassing actual reasoning. This effect explains why shuffling CoT steps retains performance; it accounts for 89-92% of teacher-forcing accuracy in 1-3B models on GSM8K.

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