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This perspective paper from arXiv articulates a four-stage inferential framework for evaluating foundation models as cognitive and developmental models, emphasizing that behavioral alignment alone is insufficient and must be embedded within theoretical commitments and contrastive evaluation.
OpenAI research demonstrates that language model behavior can be significantly improved through fine-tuning on small, curated datasets (<100 examples) targeting specific behavioral values, with effectiveness increasing at larger model scales. The approach provides users with tools to align models with Charter-compatible values for their specific applications.