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R-APS (Reflective Adversarial Pareto Search) is a novel method for constrained design tasks that addresses three structural failures in LLM-based agentic systems—error propagation, robustness evaluation, and knowledge invalidation—through reasoning-mode decomposition across three timescales, requiring no fine-tuning. Evaluated on planar mechanism synthesis, it achieves 3.5x tighter robustness certificates, 46% faster iterations-to-first-admission, and 2.1x Chamfer-distance reduction over baselines.