controlled-study

Echo-Memory presents a controlled study of memory mechanisms in action-conditioned world models, revealing that memory structure and capacity significantly impact open-domain return performance beyond replay fidelity. The study introduces a matched evaluation protocol and finds that raw context and state-space recurrence are strong mechanisms.

This paper presents a controlled, multi-seed study testing whether adapting frozen sentence embeddings to input difficulty improves performance. It finds that per-sentence complexity conditioning fails, while a pair-level residual gated by a cross-encoder difficulty signal yields consistent gains on semantic similarity tasks.