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A deep learning framework is developed to analyze grammatical gender evolution from Latin to Romance languages, focusing on low-resource historical settings using lexical and contextual analysis.
This paper analyzes the Huitongguanxi Huayiyiyu, a series of multilingual glossaries from the Ming dynasty, as a structured cross-linguistic transcription system that used Chinese characters to represent non-Chinese languages, revealing how Chinese phonological categories were flexibly extended for phonetic approximation.