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X (formerly Twitter) has submitted a submission to the Australian parliament arguing that proposed under-16 social media bans and information-gathering powers could interfere with international law and violate privacy rights, while critics debate the proportionality of such bans.
This paper examines how AI-mediated civilian cyber operations challenge the direct causation criterion of the ICRC's test for direct participation in hostilities, arguing that autonomous multi-agent systems break the causal link required for classification under international humanitarian law.