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This article argues that modern AI, from Logic Theorist to large language models, remains fundamentally a syllogism machine that manipulates patterns without genuine reasoning or a world-model, echoing the unsolved frame problem.
This paper introduces UPBench, a benchmark to evaluate large language models on urban planning knowledge across four knowledge pillars and five cognitive levels, finding that models perform better on higher-order analysis than factual recall, and identifying epistemic limitations such as regulatory hallucination and phronetic deficit.