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The paper argues that software is undergoing a third paradigm shift to Software 3.0, where context and reasoning determine behavior, converging to three core elements: generalized storage, large models, and agents. It formalizes this thesis and analyzes its conditions and boundaries.
Andrej Karpathy envisions a future where neural networks become the host process of computing, with classical software serving only as deterministic accessories, potentially making many current apps obsolete.
Andrej Karpathy discusses the December 2024 shift where LLMs reached new reliability, coining 'vibe coding' for floor-raising and 'agentic engineering' for ceiling-raising, and argues that verifiability is key to AI's jagged capabilities.