Paper page - ReactiveGWM: Steering NPC in Reactive Game World Models

Source: https://huggingface.co/papers/2605.15256

Abstract

ReactiveGWM enables dynamic player-NPC interactions in game worlds by decoupling player controls from NPC behaviors through diffusion models with cross-attention modules for game-agnostic strategy transfer.

Current game world models simulate environments from a subjective, player-centric perspective. However, by treating the Non-Player Character (NPC) merely as background pixels, these models cannot capture interactions between the player and NPC. In that sense, they act as passive video renderers rather than real simulation engines, lacking the physical understanding needed to model action-induced NPC reactivities. We introduce ReactiveGWM, areactive game world modelthat synthesizes dynamic interactions between the player and NPC. Instead of entangling all interaction dynamics, ReactiveGWM explicitly decouplesplayer controlsfromNPC behaviors. Player actions are injected into the diffusion backbone via a lightweight additive bias, while high-level NPC responses (e.g., Offense, Control, Defense) are grounded throughcross-attention modules. Crucially, these modules learn agame-agnostic representationofinteractive logic. This enableszero-shot strategy transfer: our learned modules can be plugged directly into off-the-shelf, unannotated world models of different games. This instantly unlocks steerable NPC interactions without any domain-specific retraining. Evaluated on two Street Fighter games, ReactiveGWM maintains fine-grain player controllability while achieving robust, prompt-aligned NPC strategy adherence, paving the way for scalable,strategy-rich interactionwith the NPC.

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