Multi-Agent Systems in Emergency Departments: Validation Study on a ED Digital Twin

# Multi-Agent Systems in Emergency Departments: Validation Study on a ED Digital Twin
Source: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13345](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13345)
[View PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.13345)

> Abstract:Emergency departments \(ED\) face challenges in patient care and resource management\. We propose to explore optimization strategies in a realistic and flexible model and develop a hybrid Discrete Event Simulation \(DES\) and Agent\-Based Model \(ABM\) simulating highly configurable ED environments\. We specifically focus on the validation of the modeling approach\. We derive configurations for ED sizes, patient load, and staffing from real\-world studies\. We then validate the model expressivity by matching its key performance indicators and metrics with their values known from literature\. We proceed by implementing scientifically established and practice\-proven resource optimization strategies\. Comparing the documented real\-world outcomes with our model's results demonstrates that the DES\-ABM based simulation can effectively replicate real\-world ER dynamics under interventions\. We lastly integrate a Proof\-of\-Concept multi\-agent system \(MAS\) that can autonomously explore resource allocation strategies within the simulated ER environment based on a temporal ledger of ED event records\. This modular DES\-ABM\-MAS framework offers a powerful tool to explore resource optimization strategies in emergency departments\.

## Submission history

From: Markus Wenzel \[[view email](https://arxiv.org/show-email/965541cc/2605.13345)\] **\[v1\]**Wed, 13 May 2026 11:04:23 UTC \(2,922 KB\)